Which of the following is a common method of data collection?

Surveys and interviews represent a common method of data collection widely used in research across various fields. These methods involve directly engaging with participants to gather qualitative or quantitative information about their attitudes, experiences, opinions, or behaviors. Surveys typically consist of structured questions that can be administered in person, online, or over the phone, allowing researchers to collect data from large groups efficiently. Interviews, on the other hand, provide a more in-depth exploration of a topic through direct conversation, enabling researchers to obtain detailed insights.

This approach is fundamental in research as it allows for the collection of original data that is directly relevant to the research question, making the findings more applicable and impactful. In contrast, data mining, while a useful technique for extracting patterns and insights from large datasets, does not involve direct engagement with study participants. Post research analysis occurs after data collection and primarily focuses on interpreting and making sense of the collected data rather than collecting it. Therefore, surveys and interviews stand out as the primary methods for directly gathering new data in a research context.